[Abstract] Objective This paper reports on the satisfactory results obtained in the treatment of 12 138 patients with a diversity of refractory diseases that affect the functioning of the brain including mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, senile dementia, sequelae of brain trauma, sequelae of encephalitis, sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases, and hereditary ataxia with Li's Prescription No.5 developed by the author and approaches its mechanism of action. Method The study subjects all met the diagnostic criteria for encephalopathy in DSM Ⅳ-R and CCMD-2-R. Part of the subjects were subjected to Wechsler's psychometry, examination of EEG and chromosome, and skull CT scanning before and after treatment for comparison of therapeutic effectiveness. All the patients were treated with Li's Prescription No.5 only, without any other remedies, oral administration for 6 successive months being a course of treatment. Results Statistics of short-term therapeutic effectiveness six months after treatment showed that the effective rate was 85.6% and the notable effective rate was 66%. Conclusions The present study showed that Li's Prescription No.5 has the effects of improving intelligence, promoting cerebral energy metabolism, promoting somatic and cerebral development, regulating motor function, improving cerebral microcirculation, regulating neurontransmitter, facilitating functional restoration of damaged nerve cells, and resisting free radicals. The author advances the hypothesis of starting "adjusting point" of central nervous system that there might exist an "adjusting point" in the central nervous system which could be started by changing the potential gradient inside and outside the membrane of nerve cells to promote regeneration of nerve cells of the brain.
[Key Words] Li's Prescription No.5 Encephalopathy Adjusting point

About 3% of children over the world are mentally retarded. In China, the incidence is 2%-3% in rural areas and 1% in cities and towns. According to a preliminary investigation, of the 1 200 million Chinese people, 24 million people are mentally retarded. The prophylaxis and treatment of

Author's unit: Guangdong Gaoming Medical and Medicinal Institute of Encephalopathy, 2 Heping Lane, Cangjiang Road, Hecheng District, Gaoming, Guangdong 528500, P.R. China, Tel: (0757) 8689692. Fax: (0757) 8689317.
Received April 2, 1999; revision received May 27, 1999; accepted June 10,1999.
hypophrenia is one of the key measures of improving population quality.
The actual causes of hypophrenia are, for the
most part, the serial serious consequences caused by long-persistent or more serious perinatal suffocation, and about 20%-25% of the survivors will develop mental retardation (MR), cerebral palsy or secondary epilepsy. (1-4)
Subjects and Methods
Subjects
A total of 12 138 patients with various encephalic diseases were treated, they were aged 3-74 years, mean 15.6 years. Of these, 6 597 had MR; and of the 6 597 cases, 175 had concomitant chromosome abnormalities, 2 076 had concomitant cerebral palsy, 989 had accompanying aphasis, 696 had strabismus, 158 had blindness, 78 had dysacusis, 1 857 had epilepsy, and the remaining were of simple MR. 1 308 had sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, 986 had traumatic cerebral sequelae, 329 had Parkinson's disease, 89 had hereditary ataxia, 1 187 had postencephalitis, 1 210 had senile dementia, 132 had phenylketonuria, and the remaining 300 cases were of other diseases that affect the functioning of the brain.
Methods
1. The 12 138 cases in this series all
satisfied the diagnostic criteria in DSM-Ⅳ-R and CCMD-2-R. (5-6)
2. Method of Psychometry (7) The
Concise Chinese-revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale Manual was used to test intelligence quotient (IQ). Grading of IQ: marginal state (69-79 points), mild hypophrenia (50-70 points), moderate hypophrenia (35-49 points), severe hypophrenia (20-34 points), and extremely severe hypophrenia (less than 20 points).
3. Accessary Examinations
Electroencephalography (EEG): Of the 8 590 patients in this series who received EEG examination, 5 426 showed moderate-to-severe abnormality, with asymmetrical bilateral waves. Spike and ware waves were found in patients with concomitant epilepsy.
Skull CT Scanning One thousand six
hundred and sixty-nine patients were subjected to pretreatment CT scanning. Eight hundred and fifty-five of them were found to have had different degrees of pathological changes, including focal low density of the brain, widened cerebral sulci, narrowed cerebral gyri, enlarged ventricles, and cystic degeneration. Patients with concomitant monoparesis and cerebral hemiplegia all showed abnormal CT findings.
Chromosome Examination Those
suspected of having a history of genetic diseases were subjected to chromosome examination.
General Laboratory Examinations They were blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), white blood cell count (WBC) and haemoglolim (Hb) determinations.
4. Patients in this series were treated with
Li's Prescription No.5 only, without any other medicines. Oral administration of Li's Prescription No.5 Capsule (Naolizhibao Capsule) for 6 successive months constitutes one course of treatment. Follow-up studies were made six months after treatment. Part of the patients were subjected to EEG, CT and general laboratory examinations.
5. Criteria for interpreting therapeutic
effectiveness.
Six months after treatment the
therapeutic effectiveness was interpreted according to the following three criteria:
(1) Notable effect: Noticeable
improvement in nervous dysfunction was found. Affected children who had made marked progress in learning and school records and marked improvement in IQ re-test and had shown corresponding strengthened social adaptability based on the feedback from teachers and parents fell into this category.
(2) Effect: Those who had
improvement in their behaviour and learning capacity without resulting in a huge hike in their school work belonged to this category.
(3) Failure: Affected children showed
little change in their behaviour and learning capacity after treatment.
Results
Short-term Therapeutic Statistics
An effective rate of 85.6% including a notable effective rate of 66% was registered in this series of 12 138 cases half a year after treatment. Treatment of the 12 138 cases with Li's Prescription No.5 was found to have the following characteristics: (1) The medicine takes effect regardless of age and has a better curative effect on congenital encephalopathy; (2) it has a significantly higher curative effect in treating MR caused by chromosome abnormalities than in treating other types of encephalopathy; (3) it promotes growth and development of the organism, such as gain in body height, enlargement of head circumference, correction of strabismus and improvement in looks and in auditory and visual functions; (4) it recovers limb functions of patients with cerebral palsy; (5) it controls the accompanying epilepsy (EEG reexamination showed diminution or disappearance of spike and ware wave after treatment); and (6) part of the patients who had abnormal morphosis of the brain also showed improvement in varying degrees in CT reexamination.
Short-term Therapeutic Statistics of Different Disease Entities
Of the 12 138 cases in this series, the effective rate was 90.8% for MR, 88.7% for sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, 87.0% for traumatic cerebral sequelae, 80.3% for Parkinson's disease, 78.5% for hereditary ataxia, 91.3% for postencephalitis, 85.9% for senile dementia, and 82.3% for phenyketonuria. In none of the cases did adverse reaction occur. The total effective rate was 85.6%.
Typical Cases
Case 1 Zhang, a 7-year-old boy, born 6 weeks premature, weighed only 1.4 kg at birth, had contracted neonatal jaundice complicated with neonatal pneumonia on day 7 after birth. Ten months after birth he still had no tooth eruption. At the age of 3 he could neither raise his head nor walk. At the age of 4.5 he could only utter such monosyllabic sounds as Pa and Ma. He could not respond to the call of nature and could not tell when he was hungry or full. Physical examination showed a dull-witted appearance, a head circumference of 38 cm and a tower-shaped skull, depressed occiput, obliquely upward ocular hypertelorism, relatively broader nose ala, and smaller, disarranged teeth. His tongue often hung outside his mouth. His four limbs had involuntary movement. His upper limbs were intorted, wrists were flexed, both thumbs were adducted. He showed scissors gait with intorted feet. He had hypermyotonia of extremities, hyperreflexia of knee jerk, and positive bilateral Babinski's sign. EEG showed mild abnormality. Skull CT scanning showed broadened cerebral sulci. Chromosome examination confirmed that the patient had 21-trisomy syndrome. He was diagnosed as having (1) severe MR; (2) cerebral palsy. After one year's treatment with Li's Prescription No.5, the affected child had marked improvement in his intelligence, had some cognitive and comprehensive ability and could do one-digit addition and subtraction. At ordinary times he liked watching TV programs for children and could retell the central content of the story he had seen. He became enunciative and fluent. His head circumference increased to 48 cm, the morphological development of his head and facial organs became as normal as that of general children. Involuntary movement of the extremities disappeared, and gait and posture basically returned to normal. He moved his hands freely, walked almost steadily. Skull CT reexamination showed cerebral sulci shrunk. EEG reexamination was basically normal.
Case 2 Mo, a 10-year-old girl, her father was Mo××, a native of the 2nd production team of Lianmin Village, Huadumian Township, Guangdong Province. The affected child usually was in good health, in February 1998 she developed tremor of both hands, which gradually worsened. In April, she had headache and dizziness without nausea, vomiting or fever. On 27 April, she was taken to a hospital in Guangzhou and was found to have had hydrocephalus in skull CT scanning. On 2nd May, she was given ventriculo-abdominal shunt and had her headache abated following the operation. On 31 May, the symptom worsened with transient disturbance of consciousness because of obstruction of drainage-tube. The second operation was performed on 4th June, but, again, followed by obstruction, and two additional operations were performed in July and August, respectively, with internal and external drainage. Following the 4th operation, the affected child developed coma and quadriplegia with fecal and urine incontinence and was given nasal feeding. No abnormal conditions were found in her past and family history. She was born normally, physically well developed and usually got excellent school record. Skull CT scanning showed severe obstructive hydrocephalus and intraparenchymatous low-density shadow of the brain. She was diagnosed as vegetative state due to shunt for obstructive hydrocephalus. She was given Li's Prescription No.5 Capsule for oral administration, 4 capsules each time, 3 times a day in addition to anti-inflammation and expectant treatment. She had head rotation two weeks after taking the medicine, then she opened her eyes and became conscious. At the fourth week nasal feeding was removed, at this time she could recognize her family members and call their names. Her extremities were movable but spoke slowly. When she came to the hospital 5 months later, she walked freely, spoke more clearly and sang songs. Her memory and counting ability were also considerably regained.
Case 3 Mr. Chen, male, 64 years old. Address: 1 Huyuan Crosscut, Shatai St. Sun Wen Midway, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. Date of first visit: 18th July, 1998. The patient had had tremor of right upper limb from 1984 on, followed by involvement of right lower limb, he enunciated unclearly. In 1998, he had tremor in his extremities and head, especially in static state, he changed his posture slowly and walked hard. In 1990, a skull CT scanning made in a hospital in Guangzhou showed no abnormality, he was diagnosed as having Parkinson's disease and was given madopar and artane (trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride). His symptoms got improved but again worsened with the withdrawal of the medicines. He was conscious and gave negative results of medical examination. Neurological examination showed a stony expression, unclear enunciation, hypermyotonia of extremities, and involuntary tremor, especially in static state. He had difficulty in moving steps, and when walking he had no associated movement of the extremities. Skull CT scanning showed the presence of encephalatrophy. He was given Li's Prescription No.5 Capsule for oral administration, 5 capsules each time, three times a day, tremor abated three months later and was basically controlled six months later. He began to walk at a brisk pace with smiling expression. He became quick in thinking and clearer in enunciation.
Case 4 He, male, aged 23 years, a native of Caizhou Village, Shangyuan Country, Nanzhuang Township, Nanhai City. Date of first visit: 3 rd February, 1999. The patient had had tremor of hands, inaccurate holding, unsteady walking, and liability to fall, especially in turning a corner since 1996. He enunciated unclearly and ate slowly. His symptoms gradually worsened. He could not work and could not take care of himself in daily life. The patient had previously been treated at several hospitals without any notable effect. Skull CT scanning showed cerebellar atrophy. Investigation of family history of the patient revealed that his father, He××, aged 50 years, also had tremor of hands, unsteady walking and unclear enunciation in recent years and that his grandfather began to walk unsteadily at the age of 46 years, sometimes fell on the ground, could only do simple labor and died of disease several years later. The patient was conscious, he entered the consulting room under the support of two other persons. Medical examination gave negative results. Neurological examination showed no abnormalities of cranial nerves but horizontal nystagmus. He had drunken gait, unsteady action in finger-nose test, and was clumsy in diadochokinesia. Romberg's test showed unsteady action in opening eyes and even more unsteady action in closing eyes. He spoke plosively with unclear enunciation. Skull CT scanning showed cerebellar atrophy. He was diagnosed as having hereditary cerebellar ataxia and was given Li's Prescription No.5 Capsule for oral administration, 5 capsules each time, three times a day. After taking the medicine for 1 month and over, he walked more steadily and enunciated more clearly. He now served as a platform-scale man.
Case 5 Luo, female, aged 70 years, a native of Lantang Village, Daping Township, Xingning City, Guangdong Province. Date of first visit: 14th September, 1998. Since June 1997 the patient had gradually become timid, stubborn, uncommunicative and repeated in doing simple housework. Her memory was failing with the result that she could not tell the relationship between herself and her family members, could not find the way to home and quickly forgot what her family members urged her again and again. But she still could tell the persons or things she knew tens years ago. She gave negative results in medical examination, and no focal signs were found in neurological examination. Skull CT scanning showed encephalatrophy, IQ=61 points. She was diagnosed as having senile dementia and was given Li's Prescription No.5 Capsule for oral administration. Six months later, her memory got improved and she thought clearly in talking. She could recall and find the thing she put, and communicate with her family members on her own initiative, being less timid and stubborn. IQ=88 points.
Pharmacological and Toxicological Study and Conclusions
Pharmacological Study
Mice of Kunming strain were given Li's Prescription No.5 Capsule in the dosage of 4g/kg of body weight for 10-18 days. (8) It was demonstrated experimentally that the medicine has the following effects:
1. Promoting the mice's learning and memory capacities
(1) The medicine was found to be
highly effective in improving the acquired disorder caused by scopolamine, disturbance of memory repetition caused by ethanol, and disturbance of memory consolidation caused by sodium nitrite in the mice.
(2) The medicine improved mice's
ability to find way, leading to a significant learning achievement in maze.
(3) The medicine accelerated
significantly the acquirement of conditioned reflex and raised obviously the positive initiative reflex avoidance rate in young mice. In the conditioned reflex training, the RNA content in the brain of the mice was significantly higher in those which had been given Li's Prescription No.5 than in the controls which had received no drug.
2. Improving energy metabolism of the brain
(1) It prolonged both the breathing time
when the mice were killed and the survival time in an environment where there was a shortage of oxygen under normal pressure.
(2) In the presence of acute incomplete
shortage of brain oxygen, Li's Prescription No.5 reduced water content both in the brain tissue and in brain tissue protein, and alleviated both the increased protein amount in the brain tissue (a reflection of oozing plasma protein) and cerebral edema in the presence of ischemia, indicating that the medicine has the effect of anti-anoxia.
(3) With ischemia in the brain, it
reduced the formation of the product of lipid peroxide－malondialdehyde (MDA)－in the brain tissue, suggesting that it inhibits the formation of free radicals and alleviates cell injury.
(4) In mice with ischemia in the brain, it
reduced both the consumption of APT and the formation of lactic acid in the brain tissue, indicating that it can improve energy metabolism of the brain.
3. Promoting development of the brain and the body.
(1) It accelerated weight gain of mice in
developmental stage.
(2) It elevated RNA level in the brain of
young mice, stimulated the synthesis of brain protein in young mice with deficiency of the kidney, showing that it promotes development of the brain.
(3) Li's Prescription No.5 also caused
proliferation of cells in the liver, spleen and thymus gland of mice with deficiency of the kidney. It increased not only the synthesis of protein in the liver and thymus gland of mice but also the Hb content in normal rats. Moreover, it accelerated the animal's weight gain. These effects, similar to those produced by growth hormones, might be related to the increase of dopaminergic nervous function and of release of growth hormone.
4. Improving cerebral microcirculation
and reducing blood viscosity
5. Li's Prescription No.5 enhanced
levodopa-induced mechanical movement in the mice, indicating that it has the action of enhancing dopaminergic nervous function
Toxicological Study
1. Mice of Kunming strain were given
Li's Prescription No.5 by intubation feeding in the maximum daily dosage of 40 g/kg of body weight, which was about 200 times the human clinical dosage. The results showed that the medicine is safe and non-toxic.
2. Rats were given Li's Prescription No.5
by intubation feeding in the daily dosages of 3 g/kg of body weight and 9 g/kg of body weight respectively for 120 successive days. No toxic or side effects were observed as compared with the control group. (9-12)
Discussion
The rapid development of modern medicine in recent years has brought about such new techniques in the diagnosis of encephalopathy as CT, MRI, DSA and RGBF. The brain can be recognized anatomically, biochemically, pathologically and from other aspects. This results in the improvement of accuracy of diagnosis of encephalopathy and the direct understanding of the location, size, morphology and nature of pathological change. With the development of the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy, some drugs such as brain activator and nerve growth factor have been developed in recent years which are promising in improving brain function. In the treatment of encephalopathy, the theory of traditional Chinese medicine lays stress on balance of yin and yang and coordination of visceral functions and pays attention to the concept of wholism in treatment. The successful treatment of various diseases that affect the functioning of the brain with Li's Prescription No.5 is an example.
Compared with the functional disorders of other organs of the human body, diseases that affect the functioning of the brain have their own peculiarities. They affect both activities of thought and consciousness and cause dysfunction of other organs of the organism, greatly lowering the life quality of the sufferers. There are many factors causing diseases that affect the functioning of the brain and manifestations of the diseases differ greatly but, in the final analysis, structural damage or functional inhibition of neurons is the fundamental cause of the diseases. How to improve the function of neurons and how to promote regeneration of residual neurons have been the field of serious study by scholars all over the world. Earlier studies held that nerve cell had no power of regeneration; recent studies, however, believe that neuron does have some plasticity, however limited that may be. (13) The pathogenesis of various diseases that affect the functioning of the brain differs greatly, and in some of the diseases the pathogenesis is still unknown; therefore, there exists certain blindness in the treatment and curative effect is also uncertain, especially mongolian idiocy (21-trisomy syndrome) for which no specific therapy is available. Even in cerebral infarction and encephalomalacia commonly encountered in department of neurointernal medicine, the damaged neurons cannot be made to regenerate, only by means of combined treatment can the brain compensation be improved and the symptoms ameliorated.
In view of this situation, the author has, based on his more than 20 years' research with great concentration and repeated practices, successfully developed Li's Prescription No.5 which is effective in treating various diseases that affect the functioning of the brain. Li's Prescription No.5, absorbing the quintessence of traditional Chinese medicine and using the achievements of modern medical scientific researches for reference, has yielded unexpected results in clinical application. It has blazed a new path for treating encephalopathy with traditional Chinese medicine, enriched the theories of traditional Chinese medicine, and demonstrated the huge potentiality contained in treatment of diseases with traditional Chinese medicine. Li's Prescription No.5 was first used in the treatment of MR. All MR patients treated with Li's Prescription No.5 had marked improvement in intelligence, speech and physical development. What is more, dyskinesia of extremities and dysaudia got highly improved, and, in varying degrees, strabismus was corrected, vision of blind persons and hearing of deaf persons were regained. The medication is particularly effective in treating concomitant epilepsy. Sixteen vegetables due to brain trauma have regained their consciousness and 2 of them even returned to normal social life. Satisfactory results were also obtained in treating MR patients with concomitant strabismus. Findings of pharmacological and toxicological studies have fully demonstrated the clinical value of Li's Prescription No.5. The medicine has the following significances: (1) It is a new breakthrough in the history of modern medical treatment; (2) it enriches the theories of traditional Chinese medicine and demonstrates the tremendous potentialities contained in traditional Chinese medicine; (3) it finds a new way for traditional Chinese medicines to treat encephalopathy in a scientific and systematic way, thus providing a useful frame of reference for studying treatment of other somatic diseases with Chinese medicines; (4) it breaks down barriers of treatment of hereditary diseases, traditional ideas hold that heredity determines trait and that somatic defects caused by chromosome or gene abnormalities are irreversible; however, the distinctive therapeutic effectiveness of Li's Prescription No.5 on encephalopathy due to chromosome abnormalities reflects the huge plasticity that exists in human body and the possibility of acquired redevelopment, this remaining to be confirmed by molecular biological study; (5) the therapeutic effectiveness of Li's Prescription No.5 in treating many diseases that affect the functioning of the brain has challenged conventional therapeutic ideas that stress specific drugs for specific diseases; and (6) the successful clinical application of Li's Prescription No.5 will inevitably shed new light on the development of central nervous system and the regeneration of nerve cells and update some of the conventional neurobiological and neurophysiological viewpoints. Therefore, the development and application of Li's Prescription No.5 and the approach to its mechanism of action have a triple social, economic and academic value.
In an attempt to explain the encephalic and somatic development as well as their normal functioning, the author boldly puts forward a new hypothesis (called Li's theory for short), the main point of which is that there might exist in the brain an "adjusting point" which controls the normal development and functioning of the central nervous system, just as the central nervous system governs the development and functioning of the whole organism. The hypofunction of the "adjusting point" will make an impact on the development and functioning of the central nervous system, followed by the occurrence of disturbances of perception, cognition and thinking of human brain, manifested as feeblemindedness and affective disorder and/or structural and functional abnormalities of cerebral cortex, which will lead to extremity dyskinesia, hypoacusis and blindness. The hyperfunction of the "adjusting points" will lead to the occurrence of over-excitation of central nervous system, thus developing different types of psychonosema such as affective disorder and the somatic manifestation epilepsy. It is, therefore, reasonable to regard the "adjusting point" as the center of the central nervous system. The definition of the "adjusting point" is functional and not anatomical, it may be a high-energy magnetic field in the brain which interferes with all the activities of the brain in the form of electromagnetic wave and maintains electric potential gradient inside and outside neurolemma. Advancing the hypothesis is based on the following facts: Firstly, the activities of human brain, whether those of higher thinking or those of controlling the body, are based on bioelectric activity, the production and transmission of which necessarily form electromagnetic field in the ambient space and thus makes an impact on the function and metabolism of adjacent neurons; secondly, despite the deep thorough studies on the formation and metabolism of the brain in modern science, the structural complexity of human brain and the limitations of research impose restrictions on the understanding of the cerebral functions, or rather, the cerebral latent energy; and despite the fact that the one-position sign governing somatic movement can easily localize the functional position of human brain, the domain of the higher thinking activities of human brain cannot be accurately localized because of the involvement of extensive synergism of the brain, this bringing about some difficulties in research and remaining to be explored further; thirdly; the fact that central nervous system has some plasticity, namely, power of regeneration, suggests that regulation of the function and development of neurons by "adjusting point" has some material base; and fourthly, lack of marked abnormality in cerebral morphology in many patients with hereditary mental retardation indicates that there may be neuronal hypometabolism and hypofunction only and that there exists possibility of further improving such hypometabolism and hypofunction. According to this hypothesis, the author is of the opinion that various diseases that affect the functioning of the brain, whether congenital or acquired, all lead to dysfunction of neuronal membrane with resultant transport blockade of ions on the membrane and other metabolites, difficulty in maintaining electrostatic potential inside and outside the membrane, influence on the occurrence and transmission of electric excitation of nerves, then interference with the function of the "adjusting point", and, finally, the occurrence of neuronal dysfunction and hypometabolism (such as circulatory disturbance of hormone, pathological enhancement of free radical reaction and reduced cytotrophic supply). It is, therefore, the key to the treatment of various diseases that affect the functioning of the brain to restore and improve the function of neuronal membrane, which undertakes the ingestion of nutrients and the excretion of product of metabolism. Drug ingredients of Li's Prescription No.5, upon entering the organism, undergo transformation and the available compositions bind with and activate the receptors on nerve cell membrane, then promote metabolism of nerve cells, enhance transport function of nerve cell membrane, and accelerate the entry of nutrients into nerve cell membrane and the completion of effective concentration difference of ions inside and outside the membrane, thus increasing on whole basis the intensity of magnetic field ("adjusting point") in the brain. The restoration of function of "adjusting point" to normal conversely promotes redevelopment and functioning of central nervous system by the following routes: (1) perfecting the function of blood-brain barrier and increasing both quantity of entry of such nutrients as amino acids and phospholipids and levels of ribonucleic acid (memory molecule), protein and neurotransmitters (such as acetylcholine, dopamine, etc.) to make the residual neurons regenerate and function; (2) regulating microcirculation of the brain, raising the energy metabolism and utilization rate of the brain, increasing oxygen content, and enhancing the activity of nerve cells and their sensitivity to external stimulation to make the nerve cells in dormant state and the damaged nerve cells revive and to mobilize the latent energy of the brain; (3) promoting synthesis of neurotrophic factors to strengthen regeneration of nerve cells; (4) eliminating noxious substances (such as free radicals, lipofuscin, etc.) in the brain and restoring the function of nerve cell membrane; and (5) mobilizing pituitary function to increase the synthesis or release of growth hormone and facilitate physical development. The above-mentioned mechanism of drug action is only a hypothesis, remains to be demonstrated clinically and experimentally and needs joint studies in the fields of neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, neurobiochemistry, neuroradiology and molecular biology to make a great contribution to the prevention of hypophrenia, the improvement of population quality and bringing benefit to mankind.
References
(1) Paneth N, Stark RI. Cerebral palsy and mental retardation in relation to indicators of perinatal asphyxia, an epidemiologic overview. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1983, 147: 960.
(2) Scott H. Outcome of very severe birth asphyxia. Arch Dis Chil, 1976, 51: 712.
(3) Mulligan JC, et al. Neonatal asphyxia.Ⅱ.Neonatal mortality and long-term sequelae. J Paediat, 1980,96: 903.
(4) Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. Pediatrics, 1981, 68: 36.
(5) American Psychiatric Association. DSM-Ⅳ: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Association, 1994: 92-94.
(6) Chinese Psychiatric Association and Affiliated Hospital of Encephalopathy of Nanjing Medical University (ed.). The classification scheme and diagnostic criteria for Chinese mental diseases. 1st ed; Nanjing: Southeast University Publishing House, 1995.
(7) Gong Yaoxian, Lin Chuanding, Zhang Houcan, et al. The Concise Chinese-revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale Manual Changsha: Hunan Medical College, December 1986: 3-4.
(8) Wu Yongjie. A comprehensive report on pharmacological and toxicological studies for clinicians' reference. J Modern Encephalopath Med, 1997, special issue: 23-26.
(9) Wu Yongjie. Acute toxicity test data of Li's Prescription No.5 J Modern Encephalopath Med, 1997, special issue: 26.
(10) Meng Fumin, Wu Yongjie, Li Wenguang. Pathological observations Prescription No.5 J Modern Encephalopath Med, 1997, special issue 30-31.
(11) Chen Tiejiang. Peroral acute rat toxicity test report of Li's Prescription No.5 (Naolizhibao) Capsule. J Modern Encephalopath Med, 1997, special issue: 32.
(12) Deng Lixia, Wu Dawei. A report on mice marrow cell micronucleus test of Li's Prescription No.5 (Naolizhibao) Capsule. J Morden Encephalopath Med, 1997, special issue: 32-33.
(13) Wu Yongjie. The principal pharmacodynamic test data and references of Li's Prescription No.5. J Modern Encephalopath Med, 1997, special issue: 34-49.